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Casinos continued

"What is needed is legislative flexibility.... If court decisions decree unbridled advertising of ‘truthful, non-misleading speech" however, the legislature's flexibility will be impaired. In the case of gambling, the consequences may be stark: whatever is legal may be advertised; only a prohibition of gambling will justify a ban on advertising. More disturbing, whatever gambling is legal anywhere may be advertised everywhere."

Reading that endorsement of majoritarian government, one is reminded of Justice Brennan1s famous retort to the Chief Justice's "strange doctrine" dictum in Posadas in which the Chief expressed the view that the "greater" power to completely ban an activity includes the "lesser" power to ban advertising of that activity. The fly in Judge Jones's "legislative flexibility" ointment is what Justice Brennan pointed out in his Posadas dissent Ð the First Amendment.

The Supreme Court now has the opportunity in GNOBA II to do for Part 3 what 44 Liquormart did for Part 4. If the Central Hudson test is to remain the standard, the Court will have (on the GNOBA II record) a clear-cut basis to take Edenfield's command that the government's burden "is not satisfied by mere speculation or conjecture" a step further. The Court can declare that proof of "direct and material advance" under Part 3 requires the presentation by the government in the courtroom of evidence, subject to the usual rigors of cross-examination, impeachment, and rebuttal Ð not irrebuttable presumptions based on an unproven theory about the effect of advertising and the reasons why advertisers mount constitutional challenges.


John J. Walsh is a partner in the firm of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft in New York.

Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Ass'n v. United States, 149 F.3d 334 (5th Cir. 1998) ("GNOBA II").

Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Ass'n v. United States, 69 F.3d 849 (5th Cir. 1995), cert. granted, vacated, and remanded, 117 S. Ct. 39 (1996) ("GNOBA I").

Central Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Public Serv. Comm'n of N.Y., 447 U.S. 557 (1980).

Valley Broadcasting v. United States, 107 F.3d 1328 (9th Cir. 1997).

Posadas de Puerto Rico Assocs. v. Tourism Co., 478 U.S. 328 (1986).

United States v. Edge Broadcasting, 509 U.S. 418 (1993).

Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Schmoke, 116 S. Ct. 1821 (1996), reaff'd, 101 F.3d 325 (4th Cir. 1996), cert. denied, 117 S. Ct. 1569 (1997).

44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island, 517 U.S. 484 (1996).

Rubin v. Coors Brewing Co., 115 S. Ct. 1585 (1995).

Edenfield v. Fane, 507 U.S. 761 (1993).


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